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新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)汽車(che)作為國(guo)家七大(da)(da)戰(zhan)略性產業之一,是我國(guo)從汽車(che)大(da)(da)國(guo)走向汽車(che)強國(guo)的(de)必由之路。自2009年(nian)國(guo)務院首次(ci)提(ti)出新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)汽車(che)戰(zhan)略起,國(guo)家持續加(jia)大(da)(da)財政補貼力度,出臺“雙積分(fen)”政策(ce),加(jia)強公共領域推廣,推動新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)汽車(che)產業穩(wen)步發(fa)展(zhan)。此(ci)后,中國(guo)新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)汽車(che)產業鏈不斷完善,核心(xin)技術(shu)創新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力持續提(ti)升,關鍵零部件制造能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)力不斷增強,整車(che)性能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)和(he)產品力大(da)(da)幅提(ti)高,產銷(xiao)規模(mo)位居全(quan)球(qiu)第一,已進入(ru)規模(mo)化快速(su)發(fa)展(zhan)新(xin)階(jie)段。截至(zhi)2022年(nian)底,我國(guo)新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)汽車(che)保有量達1310萬輛,突(tu)破一千(qian)萬輛大(da)(da)關,同比增長66%。
隨著新(xin)能源汽車產業快(kuai)速發(fa)展,充(chong)(chong)電(dian)基礎設(she)施建設(she)提速,我國公共(gong)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)基礎設(she)施保(bao)有(you)量高速增長(chang)。根據中(zhong)(zhong)國充(chong)(chong)電(dian)聯盟(meng)統(tong)計(ji),2023年5月我國充(chong)(chong)電(dian)基礎設(she)施累計(ji)數量為635.6萬臺。公共(gong)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)樁主要(yao)集中(zhong)(zhong)在東部(bu)經濟發(fa)達(da)省份,與新(xin)能源汽車保(bao)有(you)量強關聯,且充(chong)(chong)電(dian)運營行業集中(zhong)(zhong)度較高,排名前十五位的(de)(de)運營商占全社會(hui)公共(gong)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)樁總量的(de)(de)94.1%。我國已經建立了較為完(wan)善(shan)的(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)換(huan)電(dian)技(ji)術標準體系,當前充(chong)(chong)電(dian)技(ji)術主要(yao)包括交流慢充(chong)(chong)、直流快(kuai)充(chong)(chong)、大功(gong)率充(chong)(chong)電(dian)、無線(xian)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)、換(huan)電(dian)等(deng),有(you)力地(di)支撐了我國新(xin)能源汽車的(de)(de)快(kuai)速推(tui)廣應用。
當前新能源汽車用戶充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)同(tong)樣遇到(dao)諸多問(wen)題(ti)。如(ru)居民區(qu)(qu)私(si)人充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)安裝(zhuang)難(nan),老(lao)舊小(xiao)區(qu)(qu)由于停車位緊張、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力容量(liang)不足等問(wen)題(ti)無(wu)法按需(xu)配建私(si)人充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang),部分(fen)小(xiao)區(qu)(qu)還存(cun)在(zai)物業(ye)不配合(he)提供證明材料等情況,導致用戶無(wu)法安裝(zhuang)私(si)人充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang);公共(gong)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)體驗不佳,充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)位置查找難(nan)、充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)站環境差、充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁(zhuang)故障率高、充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)車位被占用等問(wen)題(ti)尤(you)為突出(chu);高速(su)服(fu)務區(qu)(qu)節(jie)假日充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)排隊時間長,難(nan)以滿足人民群眾在(zai)節(jie)假日遠距離出(chu)行的充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)需(xu)求等。
近日,國務院辦公廳印發《關于進(jin)一(yi)步構建高(gao)質(zhi)量充電基礎設施體系(xi)的指(zhi)導(dao)意見》(以(yi)下(xia)簡稱《指(zhi)導(dao)意見》),針對性地提出(chu)了(le)政策(ce)措施,相(xiang)信(xin)能夠有效解決行業發展中遇到的相(xiang)關問題,滿足人民群(qun)眾(zhong)出(chu)行充電需求。
軟硬件結合解決“找(zhao)(zhao)樁(zhuang)難”。當前(qian)我國公(gong)共充(chong)(chong)電(dian)樁(zhuang)整體不足且布(bu)局不均(jun)衡,充(chong)(chong)電(dian)設施整體利用率(lv)低和人民群眾“找(zhao)(zhao)樁(zhuang)難”的矛盾尤為突(tu)出(chu)。針(zhen)對(dui)“找(zhao)(zhao)樁(zhuang)難”,《指導意見(jian)》提出(chu),分級推(tui)進、重點突(tu)破,加(jia)快(kuai)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)基礎設施網絡(luo)有效覆蓋(gai)(gai)。城(cheng)市(shi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)網絡(luo)要大力推(tui)進車(che)樁(zhuang)位一體化模式,各類停車(che)場景要全覆蓋(gai)(gai);信息互通、充(chong)(chong)電(dian)共享,探索(suo)創新商業(ye)模式;積極探索(suo)在車(che)流量較大區域、重大節假日期(qi)間(jian)等適度投放移動充(chong)(chong)電(dian)基礎設施,示(shi)范建設無(wu)線充(chong)(chong)電(dian)線路及(ji)車(che)位。
多措并舉解決“進(jin)(jin)小(xiao)區(qu)(qu)難(nan)”。當前(qian)居(ju)(ju)民區(qu)(qu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電難(nan)問題反映強烈,部分有(you)固定(ding)車(che)(che)(che)位(wei)的居(ju)(ju)民建(jian)(jian)(jian)樁難(nan),大部分居(ju)(ju)民區(qu)(qu)沒有(you)配(pei)建(jian)(jian)(jian)公共(gong)(gong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電樁,老舊小(xiao)區(qu)(qu)存在(zai)電力(li)增(zeng)容(rong)難(nan)和(he)停車(che)(che)(che)位(wei)緊缺的雙重困難(nan)。針對“進(jin)(jin)小(xiao)區(qu)(qu)難(nan)”,《指導意見》提(ti)出(chu),在(zai)既有(you)居(ju)(ju)住(zhu)區(qu)(qu)加快推進(jin)(jin)固定(ding)車(che)(che)(che)位(wei)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)設施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)應(ying)(ying)裝盡裝,推進(jin)(jin)智能有(you)序充(chong)(chong)(chong)電樁加速應(ying)(ying)用(yong),鼓勵儲充(chong)(chong)(chong)一體樁、私樁共(gong)(gong)享、居(ju)(ju)住(zhu)區(qu)(qu)公共(gong)(gong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)設施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)等(deng)模式的應(ying)(ying)用(yong);鼓勵居(ju)(ju)住(zhu)區(qu)(qu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)設施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)“統建(jian)(jian)(jian)統服(fu)”,統一提(ti)供建(jian)(jian)(jian)設、運營、維護(hu)等(deng)服(fu)務;將充(chong)(chong)(chong)電基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)設施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設納入老舊小(xiao)區(qu)(qu)基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)類設施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)改造范圍,同步(bu)開展配(pei)套(tao)供配(pei)電設施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設;新建(jian)(jian)(jian)居(ju)(ju)住(zhu)區(qu)(qu)要明確建(jian)(jian)(jian)設單位(wei)主體責任,嚴格落(luo)實充(chong)(chong)(chong)電基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)設施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)配(pei)建(jian)(jian)(jian)要求,各(ge)地方主管部門要嚴格驗收,確保固定(ding)車(che)(che)(che)位(wei)按規定(ding)100%建(jian)(jian)(jian)設充(chong)(chong)(chong)電基(ji)(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)設施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)或預留安裝條件。
補(bu)齊短板解(jie)決“公(gong)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)難”。當前,高(gao)(gao)速公(gong)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)和國省干(gan)線(xian)公(gong)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)服(fu)(fu)務區存(cun)在平日充(chong)電(dian)(dian)利用(yong)率低、節假日無法滿足充(chong)電(dian)(dian)需求的(de)矛盾(dun)。針對“公(gong)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)難”,《指導意見》提(ti)出(chu),創新(xin)商業(ye)模式,鼓勵大(da)功(gong)率充(chong)電(dian)(dian)技(ji)術、光儲(chu)充(chong)一體化(hua)解(jie)決方案在高(gao)(gao)速服(fu)(fu)務區及公(gong)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)沿線(xian)場(chang)站應用(yong),強化(hua)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)網關鍵(jian)節點(dian)的(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)服(fu)(fu)務能力;推(tui)進(jin)國家(jia)高(gao)(gao)速公(gong)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)網充(chong)電(dian)(dian)基礎(chu)設(she)施覆蓋度,既要(yao)加快重點(dian)城市之間公(gong)路(lu)(lu)(lu)(lu)沿線(xian)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)基礎(chu)設(she)施布局,也要(yao)推(tui)進(jin)既有充(chong)電(dian)(dian)基礎(chu)設(she)施改造升級(ji),還要(yao)加密京津冀、長三(san)角、粵港澳大(da)灣區、成渝地區雙(shuang)城經(jing)濟圈等(deng)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)網規劃(hua)建設(she);營造良好的(de)投資氛(fen)圍,鼓勵多方合作,有效借(jie)助金融(rong)產(chan)品力量,積極探索合理的(de)投資回報機制,通過產(chan)業(ye)的(de)資產(chan)數字(zi)化(hua)服(fu)(fu)務,科技(ji)引領金融(rong)支持(chi)新(xin)能源(yuan)汽(qi)車新(xin)基建。
守住安(an)全(quan)底(di)線(xian)加強行業(ye)規(gui)范。當前,充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)基(ji)礎(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)施(shi)增長(chang)較快,各個地(di)方發(fa)展不(bu)均(jun)衡(heng),充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)運(yun)營(ying)(ying)、充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)(she)備市場(chang)競(jing)爭(zheng)激烈(lie),需要加強行業(ye)規(gui)范管理(li)。為此,《指導意見》提(ti)出,完善(shan)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)基(ji)礎(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)施(shi)生產(chan)制造、安(an)裝(zhuang)建設(she)(she)、運(yun)營(ying)(ying)維護企業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)準入條件和管理(li)政策,以規(gui)范管理(li)和服務質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)為重點(dian)構建評(ping)價(jia)體系,推進電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車(che)(che)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)(she)施(shi)及場(chang)站的(de)(de)(de)(de)評(ping)價(jia)應用,鼓勵各級地(di)方政府對充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)場(chang)站的(de)(de)(de)(de)評(ping)價(jia)與相(xiang)關支(zhi)持政策配合,推進高質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)、可持續(xu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)基(ji)礎(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)施(shi)網絡,推動(dong)建立充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)(she)備產(chan)品(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)認證運(yun)營(ying)(ying)商采信制度;推進行業(ye)自律,落實充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)運(yun)營(ying)(ying)企業(ye)主體責任(ren),建立健全(quan)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)(she)施(shi)運(yun)維管理(li)體系,明確長(chang)期失效充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樁的(de)(de)(de)(de)認定(ding)標準和管理(li)辦法,充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)分(fen)發(fa)揮行業(ye)協會橋梁紐帶(dai)作用,推動(dong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)產(chan)業(ye)參(can)與單位共同建立良好的(de)(de)(de)(de)行業(ye)秩序(xu);明確電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車(che)(che)、動(dong)力(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)和充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)基(ji)礎(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)施(shi)生產(chan)企業(ye)產(chan)品(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)安(an)全(quan)責任(ren),嚴格充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)基(ji)礎(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)施(shi)建設(she)(she)、安(an)裝(zhuang)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)安(an)全(quan)管理(li),建立火(huo)災、爆炸事故責任(ren)倒(dao)查制度;引導充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)基(ji)礎(chu)(chu)設(she)(she)施(shi)投(tou)資運(yun)營(ying)(ying)企業(ye)投(tou)保產(chan)品(pin)責任(ren)保險。
《指導(dao)意(yi)見(jian)》以構(gou)建(jian)高(gao)質量充電(dian)基礎設(she)施(shi)體(ti)系(xi)(xi)為目標,從建(jian)設(she)、運營、維(wei)護等產業發展的關鍵環節(jie)提(ti)出了(le)相關要求(qiu)。希望(wang)全行業、全產業鏈能夠在《指導(dao)意(yi)見(jian)》的指引下,加強新技術(shu)、新模式的創新應用(yong),加快構(gou)建(jian)統一的標準體(ti)系(xi)(xi),全面提(ti)升充換電(dian)基礎設(she)施(shi)服務網絡(luo)的服務保障能力,更好(hao)滿足人民群眾出行充電(dian)需(xu)求(qiu)。(作者:中(zhong)國電動汽車(che)充電基礎設施促(cu)進聯(lian)盟秘書長 王耀)
來(lai)源:國家發展和(he)改革委(wei)官網
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