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為深(shen)入貫徹落實黨中央、國(guo)務院關于(yu)碳達峰碳中和(he)決策部署，加(jia)快推進各領(ling)域各行業可再(zai)生能源替代(dai)，國(guo)家發展改革委、工業和(he)信息化部、住房城鄉(xiang)建設(she)部、交通(tong)運輸部、國(guo)家能源局(ju)和(he)國(guo)家數據局(ju)聯合印發了(le)《關于(yu)大力實施可再(zai)生能源替代(dai)行動的指導意(yi)見》（以(yi)下簡稱《意(yi)見》）。現從四(si)個方面對《意(yi)見》進行解(jie)讀。

一、出臺背景和意義

黨的二十屆三中(zhong)全(quan)會(hui)提(ti)出(chu)，健全(quan)綠色(se)低碳(tan)發展機(ji)制，促進綠色(se)低碳(tan)循(xun)環發展經濟(ji)體系建(jian)設。《中(zhong)共中(zhong)央 國務院關于完整(zheng)準(zhun)確(que)全(quan)面貫徹新發展理念(nian)做好碳(tan)達(da)(da)峰碳(tan)中(zhong)和(he)工作的意見》要(yao)求，嚴格控(kong)制化(hua)(hua)石能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)消(xiao)費，實(shi)(shi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)可(ke)(ke)再生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)替代(dai)行(xing)(xing)動，不(bu)斷提(ti)高非化(hua)(hua)石能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)消(xiao)費比重。《國務院關于印(yin)發〈2030年前碳(tan)達(da)(da)峰行(xing)(xing)動方案〉的通知(zhi)》提(ti)出(chu)，大力(li)實(shi)(shi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)可(ke)(ke)再生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)替代(dai)，加快構(gou)建(jian)清潔低碳(tan)安全(quan)高效的能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)體系。生(sheng)態環境部、國家發展改革委(wei)、工業和(he)信息化(hua)(hua)部、住房城鄉建(jian)設部、交通運輸部、農業農村部和(he)國家能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)局聯合印(yin)發的《減(jian)污降碳(tan)協同增效實(shi)(shi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)方案》提(ti)出(chu)，實(shi)(shi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)可(ke)(ke)再生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)替代(dai)行(xing)(xing)動。

《意(yi)見》圍繞規(gui)劃建設新型能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)體系、以更大(da)力度推(tui)動新能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)高質(zhi)量發展，重點對(dui)可再生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)安(an)全可靠供應、傳統能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)穩(wen)妥有序替(ti)代(dai)(dai)，以及工業、交通、建筑、農(nong)業農(nong)村等(deng)重點領(ling)域加快可再生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)替(ti)代(dai)(dai)應用提出具體要求(qiu)，對(dui)加快在各領(ling)域各行(xing)業實(shi)施可再生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)替(ti)代(dai)(dai)，統籌(chou)推(tui)動全社會綠色(se)低碳轉型意(yi)義重大(da)。

二、總體要求

《意見(jian)》以習近(jin)平新時代(dai)中國特色社(she)會主義(yi)思想(xiang)為(wei)指導(dao)，貫徹(che)“四(si)個革命、一個合(he)作”能源(yuan)安全(quan)(quan)新戰略，明確“統籌謀劃、安全(quan)(quan)替(ti)(ti)代(dai)，供需統籌、有序替(ti)(ti)代(dai)，協同融合(he)、多元替(ti)(ti)代(dai)，科(ke)技引領、創(chuang)新替(ti)(ti)代(dai)”的(de)基本原則。

《意(yi)見(jian)》提出，“十四五(wu)”重點領域(yu)可(ke)(ke)再(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)源替代取得積(ji)極(ji)進展，2025全國(guo)可(ke)(ke)再(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)源消費(fei)量(liang)(liang)達(da)(da)到11億(yi)噸標(biao)煤以上； “十五(wu)五(wu)”各領域(yu)優先利用可(ke)(ke)再(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)源的生(sheng)產生(sheng)活方(fang)式(shi)基本形成，2030年全國(guo)可(ke)(ke)再(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)源消費(fei)量(liang)(liang)達(da)(da)到15億(yi)噸標(biao)煤以上，有力(li)支撐(cheng)實現2030年碳達(da)(da)峰目標(biao)。

三、主要任務

《意見(jian)》在提(ti)升(sheng)可(ke)再生能源的(de)安(an)全可(ke)靠替代能力、重點(dian)(dian)領域(yu)替代應用(yong)、替代創新試點(dian)(dian)等三個方(fang)面(mian)提(ti)出重點(dian)(dian)任務。

一是著力(li)提(ti)升(sheng)(sheng)可(ke)再(zai)生能(neng)源(yuan)安全(quan)可(ke)靠(kao)替代(dai)能(neng)力(li)。《意見(jian)》提(ti)出全(quan)面(mian)提(ti)升(sheng)(sheng)可(ke)再(zai)生能(neng)源(yuan)供給能(neng)力(li)，加(jia)(jia)快(kuai)大型(xing)基(ji)(ji)地建(jian)設(she)和(he)(he)就近分布式開發(fa)(fa)利(li)用(yong)，推(tui)進構(gou)網型(xing)技術應(ying)用(yong)，發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)綠色燃料(liao)、可(ke)再(zai)生能(neng)源(yuan)制(zhi)氫和(he)(he)綜合(he)供熱(re)體系(xi)。在(zai)促進可(ke)再(zai)生能(neng)源(yuan)大規模輸送(song)和(he)(he)消(xiao)納(na)利(li)用(yong)方面(mian)，《意見(jian)》提(ti)出加(jia)(jia)快(kuai)配套(tao)基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)設(she)施(shi)建(jian)設(she)，推(tui)動(dong)網源(yuan)協調發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)，優化電(dian)(dian)力(li)調度控制(zhi)，加(jia)(jia)強熱(re)力(li)、燃氣(qi)管(guan)網及(ji)氫能(neng)供應(ying)網絡等(deng)基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)設(she)施(shi)建(jian)設(she)和(he)(he)升(sheng)(sheng)級改造。在(zai)加(jia)(jia)強供需互(hu)動(dong)方面(mian)，《意見(jian)》提(ti)出深入(ru)挖(wa)掘需求側資(zi)源(yuan)調控潛力(li)，強化工業、建(jian)筑、交通等(deng)重(zhong)點領域電(dian)(dian)力(li)需求側管(guan)理。在(zai)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)靈(ling)活(huo)資(zi)源(yuan)方面(mian)，《意見(jian)》提(ti)出多元提(ti)升(sheng)(sheng)電(dian)(dian)力(li)系(xi)統(tong)調節能(neng)力(li)，加(jia)(jia)強靈(ling)活(huo)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)、抽蓄和(he)(he)新型(xing)儲能(neng)應(ying)用(yong)，推(tui)進長時(shi)儲熱(re)型(xing)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)、熱(re)電(dian)(dian)耦合(he)、中高溫熱(re)利(li)用(yong)。

二是加(jia)快(kuai)推(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)進(jin)重點(dian)領域可(ke)(ke)再(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)替(ti)代應(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。在(zai)(zai)工(gong)業(ye)(ye)領域，《意(yi)見(jian)》提(ti)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)協同推(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)進(jin)工(gong)業(ye)(ye)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)綠(lv)色(se)(se)低碳轉型，引(yin)導工(gong)業(ye)(ye)向(xiang)可(ke)(ke)再(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)富(fu)集(ji)、資源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)環境可(ke)(ke)承載(zai)地(di)(di)區有序轉移，強(qiang)化(hua)(hua)工(gong)業(ye)(ye)行業(ye)(ye)與(yu)(yu)可(ke)(ke)再(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)耦(ou)合(he)(he)發(fa)(fa)展，推(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)動(dong)(dong)工(gong)業(ye)(ye)綠(lv)色(se)(se)微電(dian)網建(jian)(jian)設(she)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，推(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)廣可(ke)(ke)再(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)低溫熱利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，探索(suo)建(jian)(jian)設(she)風光(guang)(guang)氫(qing)氨醇一體化(hua)(hua)基地(di)(di)。在(zai)(zai)交(jiao)通領域，《意(yi)見(jian)》提(ti)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)加(jia)快(kuai)交(jiao)通運輸和可(ke)(ke)再(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)融(rong)合(he)(he)互動(dong)(dong)，建(jian)(jian)設(she)可(ke)(ke)再(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)交(jiao)通廊道，推(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)進(jin)光(guang)(guang)儲(chu)充放多(duo)功能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)綜合(he)(he)一體站建(jian)(jian)設(she)，探索(suo)發(fa)(fa)展電(dian)氣(qi)化(hua)(hua)公(gong)路(lu)，鼓勵電(dian)動(dong)(dong)船舶和航空器應(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，推(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)動(dong)(dong)可(ke)(ke)持(chi)續航空燃(ran)料(liao)和車用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)燃(ran)料(liao)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。在(zai)(zai)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)領域，《意(yi)見(jian)》提(ti)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)深化(hua)(hua)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)可(ke)(ke)再(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)集(ji)成應(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，把優(you)先利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)可(ke)(ke)再(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)納(na)入(ru)城鎮(zhen)的(de)規(gui)劃、建(jian)(jian)設(she)、更(geng)新(xin)和改(gai)造工(gong)作，推(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)動(dong)(dong)既(ji)有建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)加(jia)裝光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)(fu)系(xi)統和有條(tiao)件的(de)新(xin)建(jian)(jian)廠房、新(xin)建(jian)(jian)公(gong)共(gong)(gong)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)應(ying)裝盡裝光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)(fu)系(xi)統，推(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)動(dong)(dong)新(xin)建(jian)(jian)公(gong)共(gong)(gong)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)全面電(dian)氣(qi)化(hua)(hua)，因地(di)(di)制(zhi)宜推(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)進(jin)可(ke)(ke)再(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)供(gong)熱制(zhi)冷。為推(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)動(dong)(dong)可(ke)(ke)再(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)助力鄉村(cun)振(zhen)興(xing)(xing)和綠(lv)色(se)(se)發(fa)(fa)展，《意(yi)見(jian)》提(ti)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)全面支(zhi)持(chi)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)農(nong)村(cun)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)清潔(jie)化(hua)(hua)現代化(hua)(hua)，積極發(fa)(fa)展分散(san)式風電(dian)和分布式光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)(fu)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)，加(jia)快(kuai)農(nong)村(cun)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)基礎設(she)施(shi)改(gai)造升級，因地(di)(di)制(zhi)宜推(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)進(jin)可(ke)(ke)再(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)供(gong)熱代替(ti)煤炭(tan)散(san)燒(shao)。為推(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)動(dong)(dong)可(ke)(ke)再(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)在(zai)(zai)數(shu)據(ju)等(deng)新(xin)興(xing)(xing)領域的(de)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，《意(yi)見(jian)》提(ti)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)統籌新(xin)基建(jian)(jian)和可(ke)(ke)再(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)開發(fa)(fa)利(li)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)，推(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)動(dong)(dong)5G基站、數(shu)據(ju)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心、超算(suan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心等(deng)與(yu)(yu)光(guang)(guang)伏(fu)(fu)(fu)、熱泵、儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)等(deng)融(rong)合(he)(he)發(fa)(fa)展，支(zhi)持(chi)新(xin)型基礎設(she)施(shi)發(fa)(fa)展綠(lv)電(dian)直供(gong)、源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)網荷儲(chu)一體化(hua)(hua)項目，提(ti)高“東數(shu)西算(suan)”等(deng)戰略工(gong)程中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)新(xin)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)力消費占比(bi)(bi)，有序開展老舊基站、“老舊小散(san)”數(shu)據(ju)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心綠(lv)色(se)(se)技(ji)術改(gai)造，推(tui)(tui)(tui)(tui)動(dong)(dong)新(xin)建(jian)(jian)數(shu)據(ju)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心逐年穩(wen)步提(ti)升可(ke)(ke)再(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)比(bi)(bi)例(li)。

三是積極(ji)推(tui)動(dong)可(ke)再(zai)生能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)替(ti)代創(chuang)新(xin)試(shi)(shi)點(dian)。針(zhen)對新(xin)技術，《意(yi)見》提出加(jia)快試(shi)(shi)點(dian)應(ying)(ying)用(yong)，開(kai)展(zhan)深遠海漂浮式海上風電、綠色直供(gong)(gong)電、氫冶金和氫基化工技術應(ying)(ying)用(yong)等(deng)試(shi)(shi)點(dian)，支持(chi)園區、企業(ye)(ye)、大型公共(gong)建筑等(deng)開(kai)展(zhan)發供(gong)(gong)用(yong)高比例新(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)試(shi)(shi)點(dian)。針(zhen)對新(xin)業(ye)(ye)態，《意(yi)見》提出推(tui)動(dong)業(ye)(ye)態融(rong)(rong)合(he)創(chuang)新(xin)，推(tui)動(dong)工業(ye)(ye)、交通、建筑、農業(ye)(ye)、林(lin)業(ye)(ye)等(deng)與可(ke)再(zai)生能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)跨行業(ye)(ye)融(rong)(rong)合(he)，支持(chi)數字能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)、虛擬電廠、農村能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)合(he)作社等(deng)新(xin)型經營主體發展(zhan)壯大，鼓勵(li)促進可(ke)再(zai)生能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)多品種、多領域、多形態替(ti)代的商業(ye)(ye)模式創(chuang)新(xin)。

四、保障措施

一是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)健全法(fa)(fa)律(lv)法(fa)(fa)規標準，明確各(ge)類(lei)主體在可(ke)再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)源開發(fa)利用(yong)(yong)(yong)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)相(xiang)關權利義務和(he)法(fa)(fa)律(lv)責(ze)任，將可(ke)再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)源替(ti)代(dai)利用(yong)(yong)(yong)納入各(ge)領域綠(lv)色(se)低(di)碳發(fa)展標準規范體系。二是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)完善綠(lv)色(se)能(neng)源消費機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)，使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)綠(lv)證(zheng)作為可(ke)再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)源電力消費核算的(de)(de)(de)基礎(chu)憑證(zheng)，加強綠(lv)證(zheng)與節能(neng)降碳政(zheng)策(ce)的(de)(de)(de)有效銜接，將消納責(ze)任落實到重點(dian)用(yong)(yong)(yong)能(neng)單位(wei)。三是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)落實科(ke)技財政(zheng)金融支持政(zheng)策(ce)，支持可(ke)再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)源替(ti)代(dai)關鍵技術研發(fa)和(he)試點(dian)應用(yong)(yong)(yong)，按照市(shi)場(chang)化(hua)(hua)法(fa)(fa)治化(hua)(hua)原則提供(gong)長期(qi)穩定融資支持。四是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)健全市(shi)場(chang)機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)和(he)價格機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)，建(jian)立完善可(ke)再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)源電力市(shi)場(chang)交易(yi)機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)，建(jian)立健全可(ke)再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)源供(gong)熱、生(sheng)物天然氣、清潔低(di)碳氫(qing)的(de)(de)(de)市(shi)場(chang)機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)。五是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)深化(hua)(hua)推(tui)進(jin)國際合作，推(tui)動(dong)工業、交通、建(jian)筑、農業農村(cun)等重點(dian)領域可(ke)再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)源應用(yong)(yong)(yong)先(xian)進(jin)技術裝備(bei)研發(fa)的(de)(de)(de)國際合作，推(tui)動(dong)綠(lv)證(zheng)走出去。六(liu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)加強宣傳引導(dao)，動(dong)員全民參(can)與可(ke)再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)能(neng)源替(ti)代(dai)行動(dong)，促進(jin)居民踐(jian)行和(he)推(tui)廣綠(lv)色(se)生(sheng)活方式。